Keeping Cats Indoors or in Safe Outdoor Enclosures Increases Longevity

A recent study highlights that allowing domestic cats to roam freely significantly increases their risk of injury and death. In Australia alone, domestic cats kill hundreds of millions of native animals each year, and roaming exposes them to road accidents, fights with other cats, falls, and poisoning. Research shows that outdoor cats often suffer lifelong injuries or illnesses, requiring costly veterinary care. Studies using cameras and radio tracking in the US, New Zealand, and Australia reveal cats frequently cross roads, drink from hazardous sources, and engage in risky behaviour. Trauma, disease, and deliberate harm from humans contribute to shorter lifespans, with outdoor cats living on average 2–3 years less than those contained at home. Owners can reduce risks by keeping cats on their property using secure backyards, ‘catios’, or supervised outdoor activities such as harness walks. Indoor enrichment, including climbing spaces, toys, scratching posts, and multiple litter trays, is essential for cat wellbeing. The study emphasises responsible pet ownership, showing that contained cats enjoy longer, safer lives while reducing their impact on native wildlife. As more Australian households adopt cats, proper containment and care become increasingly important for both feline safety and environmental protection.